Launcelots soliloquy Essay Example For Students

Launcelots speech Essay Another phenomenal on-screen character in the play was Craig Gazey who played Launcelot. He had the crowd chuckling each time he was in front of an audience. Craig Gazey utilized his non-verbal communication to make strong attributes for Launcelot. When speaking Launcelots speech, Craig Gazey utilized his non-verbal communication to show how Launcelot was conflicted between two perspectives. His body twitched from side to side, to show how he was conflicted between his great still, small voice and his terrible inner voice. Different pieces of the play when Launcelots non-verbal communication appeared to stand apart were the point at which he was demonstrating his aversion to his lord, Shylock. At the point when Shylock provided him requests or addressed him, he demonstrated a demeanor of fatigue and restlessness. His body was gotten some distance from Shylock in lack of engagement and he generally looked just as he needed to leave as soon he could. Craig Gazeys non-verbal communication was never over controlling, it went with his character fittingly. He utilized his signals successfully to communicate Launcelots emotions. His signals where huge and unexpected which certainly fit Launcelots character as he is by all accounts somebody who might consistently stick out. Craig Gazey utilized his voice to add to the comic intrigue of his character. He had an alternate complement to different characters, which gave his character a slight edge. He differed his tone so he was continually intriguing to tune in to. He conveyed his lines impeccably and all that he said was reasonable. When Launcelot should be the focal point of consideration, Craig Gazey ensured he was; it was difficult to be exhausted while he was talking. When Launcelot was not simply the focal point of consideration, Craig Gazey fitted himself into the activity well, supplementing different entertainers. Since Craig Gazey was constantly engaged, it was simple and fascinating to follow the activity. He made Launcelot wake up; his presentation was entirely trustworthy. Mary Charlton worked admirably of picking the outfits for the characters. Each character was continually wearing something appropriate for their character and status. The outfits were not dull however they despite everything fit effectively into the play. They were not diverting from the activity yet they were something intriguing to take a gander at. The hues utilized in the play appeared to be natural hues for the most part, similar to green or earthy colored. This aided towards ensuring the outfits were not overwhelming the activity. The entire stage region was utilized well and the entertainers could without much of a stretch move around it. There was an extension, which angled out into the crowd. This was something that made the set unique in relation to sets in different theaters. The activity was spread out well indeed; the entertainers never obstructed one another. It was commonly simple to see the activity in front of an audience. The space around the groundlings zone was likewise utilized at parts of the play. On-screen characters entered the phase from that point and a few lines were spoken there. This additional enthusiasm to the play as the activity was consistently in an assortment of spots. The play was outwardly fascinating as there were things occurring in better places and the entertainers never appeared to stop for extremely long. The lighting added to the experience as the entire crowd was obvious just as the stage. This implied the entertainers needed to speak with the crowd. The on-screen characters were consistently obvious. As characteristic light was utilized to light the stage, evening time couldnt be appeared through dimness. Along these lines, at parts in the play when it was night, additional lighting was utilized to make the deception. There was a road light by the stage, which was turned on when it was evening, and there were lights lit at different parts in the play. This instrument was powerful as at these focuses clearly the night was being depicted. There were numerous pieces of the play when live stable from a band was utilized to help make environment or simply add to the enthusiasm of the play. .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .postImageUrl , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:hover , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:visited , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:active { border:0!important; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:active , .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua070e6732 74720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua070e673274720a098c5ff0a3ad8035b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare makes a great deal of pressure for the crowd in Romeo and Juliet EssayI feel that 8 out of 10 is an exact rating for the play. The play was splendid however on occasion it came up short on some stream. I imagine that the most grounded part of the presentation was the modernizing of the diversion in the play. This assisted with adding enthusiasm to the play for the individuals who hadnt read the book. It likewise gave numerous a method to relate the characters of the play to individuals in our regular daily existences. It is difficult to state what the most vulnerable segment in the play was, however it w as presumably perceivability of the on-screen characters. For a groundling, it was regularly difficult to see all the activity on the stage. Show review as it were

Rape Simulator Video Games and Democracy Essay Example

Bad Ideas Weekend

Bad Ideas Weekend Ever wanted to sculpt a masterpiece out of butter?  Make a city out of meat?  Toss a watermelon back and forth in some sort of deranged water balloon fight? This weekend was Bad Ideas Weekend.  MIT students from across campus joined together to work on the worst possible ideas they could come up with. To celebrate the start of the weekend, a strange object was placed on the facade of lobby 7. Im not really sure what it is, but it definitely says Bad Ideas on it and it advertises Bad Ideas, so I approve. East Campus has been buzzing and punting for the past few weeks in preparation for this weekends events.  You can see the effects of the madness all over the courtyard and even in the basement. I quickly found that being a vegetarian during Bad Ideas Weekend is a bad idea.  Many of the events involved eating meat, like the Wing Eating kick-off event (See Kate R. 14s post), Taco Bell Eating competition, Exotic Meat event, and How Many Feet Can You Eat Subway eating event.  But I still found things to do, like observe the meat eaters preparing for their challenges and attend my first event of Bad Ideas, the Craigslist Scavenger Hunt. My friend Ali F. 16 rented a zip car Friday night and six of us ventured off to find as many insane things as we could for free off of Craigslist in the Boston-Cambridge area.  We found a toilet and a ceiling fan, and quite an interesting decoration for hall.  We got lost in a snowy Boston and almost ended up at the airport, but we found our way back home eventually.  After two hours, the participants gathered all the things we had found from all over Boston in one giant reuse pile, and we admired our treasures.  There were chairs, televisions, cushions, books, and clothing.  I went through the pile and found a new friend. I named him Charles.  After a wonderful night, Ali and I made cookies for hall and I proceeded to study for my physics final Monday. But then it was Saturday. And there was even more awesome. Once again, my hall was obsessing over meat.  Last time, they were going crazy for bacon as certain people attempted to make soap out of bacon fat, but Saturday it was because Frobert M. 15 and Taylor A. 13  were making a mini version of MIT campus out of meat. Yup, the East Campus Talbot Kitchen had over $400 of meat in it.  And their team worked away at making the best piece of meat art possible. (Alyssa W. 16 helped in the kitchen with cooking pork) And there was so much meat :( :( Even the mashed potatoes had bacon in them :( But some my sadness quickly washed away as I stepped outside to find butter.  108 pounds of butter. BUTTER SCULPTING!!! How could this be a bad idea? It seems like a dream you never knew you had, a wonderfully fun event for all. Except that I quickly learned that I am not a butter sculpter.  It looked so easy in the lounge, where everyone was so carefully carving blocks and faces and buildings out of butter. I tried to make a squanch, which is my halls mascot, but as you can see, it ended terribly. Still, I had fun.  This weekend was quite great, and it wasnt even near over yet!  Saturday night was the infamous Green Building Challenge, where students were challenged to run up the 19-story Green Building as many times as they could.  I couldnt participate in running this year because I broke my foot a couple months ago from running (stress fractures are mean!!) and I am still in the healing phase, but it was so exciting to see the challenge in action!  Also, I got to hand out inspirational flyers and bananas at the top of the building!! This has been a wonderful weekend, a necessary break for me during this very hosed physics-and-calculus-filled IAP.  It is a weekend before two finals and full of a lot of stress and chaos, but IAP is almost over and I cant wait for a new awesome semester. Post Tagged #Bad Ideas Weekend

The Question of Loyalty by Mitsuye Yamada Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The poem The Question of Loyalty by Mitsuye Yamada discusses the emotions and reactions of a time in American history where the loyalty and honor of the Japanese people are questioned. In creating this distrust, the Japanese people were put into a position to choose between the loyalties to their families and history and that of their present relationships in their new homeland, America. The poem shows how she received the events as a young adult having spent most of her life in the United States, but also provides context for how she is now perceived by the population of her new homeland, a homeland to which she is not actually new. It affects her mother profoundly, but she only sits back as events unfold as they have only a cursory meaning. She is arbitrary in how she feels about the events. As such, she presents her story in a few words filled with embittered irony. The last line of the poem The Question of Loyalty by Mitsuye Yamada states I signed my only ticket out (Patterso n 198). This reveals how she has come to understand that she is being asked to sign away her identity in exchange for her freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of Loyalty by Mitsuye Yamada or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page She has given in to the pressures of the American people to assure them that she was not covertly conspiring against them. Even in this act of courage and loyalty to the American people, she knows that she has sold out her own heritage, giving this signature with the understanding that in doing so she was renouncing her loyalty to the Japanese people.

The Safety Plan For Fran And Her Son - 1361 Words

The first safety plan option could help Fran by stopping an argument from occurring if she knows what triggers Bobby. The second option allows Fran to get away from any objects that Bobby could use as weapons to hurt her. The third option helps Fran because if anything were to happen she would have someone to help her stop Bobby or a witness to what has happen. The fourth options helps Fran by being able to run to any payphone and call people that she knows could help her. The fifth option allows Fran to know what way to run if she is running away from Bobby without coming to a dead end. The sixth options allow Fran to leave the house without worrying of leaving anything behind because everything she needs is in the emergency bag. The†¦show more content†¦A safety plan is an essential tool for people to use to assist women or men in domestic violence relationships. A safety plan helps explore and map out options and ideas to promote safety when domestic violence or family vi olence has occurred. This could prevent careless actions from happening such as not knowing where to go, or becoming the aggressor. Taking these precaution can help save the lives of women or men in an event of a violent episode of rage or frustration. It is important for the victim to strategize what are their alternatives and identify triggers of what causes the violence, in order to prevent it from happening. A safety plan needs to be tailored to the individual needs and should promote safety at any moment of altercation. A safety plan encourages building a trustworthy relationship that may help the victim coupe with the situation by exchanging thoughts and ideas. This relationship is an essential resource for the victim, as violence could happen at any time. A safety plan could encourage many women to finally get the boldness to leave their partners, but there are certain resource women need to be successful. In the novel â€Å"Black and Blue† Frannie Benedetto suffered h orrible abuse by her police officer husband, Bobby. Frannie finally get the valor to leave him when she realizes that her abuse will never stop, no matter how good she is to her husband. Fran decide to runaway with her son Robert. She takes on the identity of someone

Contract and Professor Knox Group Free Essays

SOPHIA HENRY WEEK TWO ASSIGNMENT ETHICS: PROFESSOR KNOX GROUP A A newspaper columnist signs a contract with a newspaper chain. Several months later she is offered a position with another newspaper chain at a higher salary. Because she would prefer making more money she notifies the first chain that she is breaking her contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Contract and Professor Knox Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now The court will decide the legality of her action. But what is the morality? Did she the columnist behave ethically? An airline pilot goes for his regular medical checkup. The doctor discovers that he has developed a heart murmur. The pilot only has one month to go before his retirement. The doctor wonders whether, under these unusual circumstances she is justified in withholding the information about the pilot’s condition. (1) An employment contract is a contractual relationship between an employer and an individual employee or organization. My first issue at hand is the terms under which the contract was signed. The court has to determine whether it was stated on the contract that the columnist was locked in until the term were fulfilled under which she would be ethically wrong to break that contract. If an employee willingly breaks the terms of their contract it is unethical behavior and should be held accountable for those actions. Understandably the columnist has researched and came across a better opportunity which is financially gainful to her but she also had to explore the ramifications for accepting their offer of employment as it was presented to her. Consideration had to be taken by the columnist that time and money was spent on recruiting her for the job and ensuring that she was settled in a comfortable environment to conduct her duties accordingly and up to company standards. On the other hand it is not immoral to break a contract to pursue better opportunity for oneself if the term of the contract does not state that she had to serve for a certain period of time before leaving. Immorality would come into play if she willingly and knowingly ignores the terms and sought out other employment opportunities while being employed under that agreement. If she knowing breaks the terms of the agreement she would be legally responsible for repaying the recruitment fees and all money spent by the employer to ensure that she was situated at her position as well as all fees for recruiting someone else to replace her. I believe that the columnist was wrong to enter into a contractual agreement if her job search was not over and that if she really wanted the job she should have been honest with the employer and discuss not getting into a contractual position at the company while she pursues better pay and opportunity. The columnist was guided by her mind and conscience to do what was best for her at the time and was not thinking long term or the ramifications to the company if she decided to leave her contract early. I think both Augustine and Aquinos would commend her for following her virtue and doing what is right for her as an individual. Aquinos believes that we all have to find something in practical reasoning that will help us come to the best conclusion for ones self and that is what the columnist did, her one big reason was that she wanted to make more money and that was her drive for getting out of her contract early. (2) There is no reason to justify withholding anyone’s medical diagnosis form them, it is not justified morally and ethically. It is unethical and immoral especially from a doctor’s standpoint because his/her oath is to protect and treat no matter what the circumstances are and not honoring that oath in my opinion is an evil act. The pilot can still perform his duties until retirement under close doctor supervision and with the help of medication to control his symptoms. I do not think that his diagnosis should impact his retirement benefits as he is suffering for a condition that is beyond his control and not of his own doing. The physician’s only concern at this point is find ways in keeping the pilot healthy, provide him with enough information on his diagnosis and ease his mind from the worries he might have. Neither Augustine nor Aquinos would agree with the path the doctor is thinking of taking with the pilot. One is the reasons is because the news does not affect him personally nor is his virtue at stack. Though the doctor is trying to do a good deed and allow the pilot to enjoy the few weeks before his retirement stress and worry free he is also doing him a disservice by not giving him the option to make the choice of whether he wants to retire now or try to continue with his journey and retire at his scheduled time. Ethically the doctor has to follow the law and relay any findings and diagnosis to the pilot so he can come to terms in dealing with the symptoms and treatment of his diagnosis. How to cite Contract and Professor Knox Group, Papers

Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study Essay Example

Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study Essay USC Marshall School of Business Marshall Research Paper Series Working Paper MKT 16-10 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers C. W. Park Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Deborah J. MacInnis Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Joseph R. Priester Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Andreas B. Eisingerich Imperial College London Dawn Iacobucci Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 1 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 1 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers May 12, 2010 C. Whan Park Joseph A. DeBell Professor of Marketing ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-740-7107; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected] usc. edu Deborah J. MacInnis Charles L. and Ramona I. Hilliard Professor of Business Administration ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-740-5039 ; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected]c. edu Joseph Priester Associate Professor of Marketing ACCT 306C Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0403 Phone: 213-821-5649; Fax: 213-740-7828 [emailprotected] usc. edu Andreas B. Eisingerich Assistant Professor of Marketing Imperial College Business School Imperial College London London, UK SW 7 2AZ Phone: +44(0)20-7594-9763; Fax: +44(0)20-7823-7685 a. [emailprotected] ac. uk Dawn Iacobucci E. Bronson Ingram Professor in Marketing We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung and Financial Crisis Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Owen Graduate School of Management 401 21st Avenue South Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37203 Phone: 615-322-4075; Fax: 615- 343-7177 Dawn. [emailprotected] vanderbilt. edu Forthcoming, Journal of Marketing Electronic Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 2 Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers Abstract Research has not verified the theoretical or practical value of the brand attachment construct in relation to alternative constructs, particularly brand attitude strength. The authors make conceptual, measurement, and managerial contributions to this research issue. Conceptually, they define brand attachment, articulate its defining properties, and differentiate it from brand attitude strength. From a measurement perspective, they develop and validate a parsimonious measure of brand attachment, test the assumptions that underlie it, and demonstrate that it indicates the concept of attachment. They also demonstrate the convergent and discriminant validity of this measure in relation to brand attitude strength. Managerially, they demonstrate that brand attachment offers value over brand attitude strength in predicting (a) consumers’ intentions to perform difficult behaviors (those they regard as utilizing consumer resources), (b) actual purchase behaviors, (c) brand purchase share (the share of a brand among directly competing brands), and (d) need share (the extent to which consumers rely on a brand to address relevant needs including those brands in substitutable product categories). Keywords: Brand management, consumer behavior, marketing strategy, brand attachment, attitude strength Electronic Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 3 Academic researchers and practitioners in marketing have shown significant interest of late in studying consumers’ attachment to brands (Chaplin and Roedder John 2005; Park and MacInnis 2006; Schouten and McAlexander 1995; Thomson 2006). As a construct that describes the strength of the bond connecting the consumer with the brand, attachment is critical as it should impact behaviors that foster brand profitability and customer lifetime value (Thomson, MacInnis, and Park 2005). At the same time, marketers have long invoked the constructs of attitude valence and strength as key antecedents to consumer behavior. Attitude valence is defined as the degree of positivity or negativity with which an attitude object (here a brand) is evaluated. Brand attitude strength is conceptualized as the positivity or negativity (valence) of an attitude weighted by the confidence or certainty with which it is held, i. e. , the extent to which it is seen as valid (Petty, Brinol, and DeMarree 2007). Strong attitudes result from effortful thought about the attitude object (Petty and Cacioppo 1986), most often given its personal relevance. This effortful thought, and the confidence with which the attitude object is held, guide behavior. Brand attitude strength has been shown to predict behaviors of interest to firms, including; brand consideration, intention to purchase, purchase behavior, and brand choice (Fazio and Petty 2007; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995; Priester et al. 2004). The rich history of research on brand attitude strength raises questions about the need for a construct such as brand attachment. Does attachment provide value beyond measures of brand attitude strength? At present, the answer to this question is elusive, as research to date has not verified how brand attachment and brand attitude strength differ conceptually or empirically. Nor has research differentiated what unique consumer behaviors, if any, each predicts. The present research makes three key contributions pertinent to these issues. First, we differentiate the brand attachment construct from brand attitude strength conceptually, arguing Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1605782 that the two constructs have distinct conceptual properties and entail different formation processes. Second, we validate this distinction empirically, developing a novel scale that maps the conceptual properties of brand attachment and assessing its relationship to attitude strength. Third, and most significantly, we empirically demonstrate that attachment and attitude strength have distinct behavioral implicat ions. Brand attachment more accurately predicts intentions to perform behaviors that utilize significant consumer resources (time, monetary, reputational). It is also a stronger predictor of actual consumer behaviors than is brand attitude strength. These effects are observed in terms of consumer purchase behavior, brand purchase share (i. e. , choice among directly competing brands), and need share (i. e. , choice among brands targeting similar needs), and they are observed even after controlling for consumer inertia (i. e. , past behaviors) and other potential factors. Beyond their theoretical significance, our results have significant managerial implications, suggesting that brand attachment serves as the ultimate destination for customer-brand relationships. As far as we are aware, this is the first article to examine this diverse set of behavioral outcomes from brand attachment and it is the first to demonstrate these effects in relation to attitude strength. Conceptual Distinction between Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength Attachment Although research has examined attachment in interpersonal contexts, research in marketing suggests that consumers can also develop attachments to marketplace entities, including product brands (Fournier 1998; Keller 2003; Schouten and McAlexander 1995), celebrities (Thomson 2006), and special possessions (Ball and Tasaki 1992; Kleine and Baker 2004). Notably, despite 5 the growing popularity of the attachment construct, the conceptual properties of this construct remain elusive. Conceptual properties. Brand attachment is defined as the strength of the bond connecting the brand with the self. Consistent with attachment theory (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007), this bond is exemplified by a rich and accessible memory network (or mental representation) involving thoughts and feelings about the brand and the brand’s relationship to the self. Two critical factors reflect the conceptual properties of brand attachment: brand-self connection and brand prominence. Brand-self connection. First, the idea that attachment involves a bond (with the brand included as part of the self) suggests that a critical aspect of attachment involves the cognitive and emotional connection between the individual and the self, defined here and elsewhere as brand-self connection (Chaplin and Roedder John 2005; Escalas and Bettman 2003; Escalas 2004). By categorizing the brand as part of the self, a consumer develops a sense of oneness with the brand, establishing cognitive links that connect the brand with the self. Though cognitive in its representation, this brand-self linkage is inherently emotional (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007; Thomson et al. 2005), involving myriad and potentially complex feelings about the brand, including sadness and anxiety from brand-self separation, happiness, and comfort from brandself proximity, and pride from brand-self display. Consumers can be connected to a brand because it represents who one is (e. g. , an identity basis) or because it is meaningful in light of goals, personal concerns, or life projects (an instrumentality basis, Mittal 2006). Brand prominence. In addition to brand-self connection, previous research suggests that the extent to which positive feelings and memories about the attachment object are perceived to be top of mind also serves as an indicator of attachment. According to Mikulincer (1998) and 6 Collins (1996), positive memories about the attachment object (e. g. , another person) are more prominent for individuals who are highly attached to an attachment object than they are for individuals who show weak attachment. The fact that brand-self connections develop over time and through experience suggests that brand-related thoughts and feelings become part of ne’s memory and vary in the perceived fluency or the ease with which they are brought to mind. We call this component brand prominence: Prominence reflects the salience of the cognitive and affective bond that connects the brand to the self. This salience is reflected by the perceived (1) ease and (2) frequency with which brand-related thoughts and feelings a re brought to mind. Thus, consumers’ attachment in relation to two brands with the same degree of brand-self connection is greater for the brand that is perceived to be more prominent. Importance of both indicators. Brand-self connection is a core component of attachment since it centrally reflects the definition of attachment as the bond connecting the individual with the brand. However, we suggest that the inclusion of brand prominence adds precision in measuring the â€Å"strength† of the bond connecting the brand with the individual. This is so for two reasons. First, when thoughts and feelings about the brand are highly accessible, prominence may exert a disproportionately strong influence on decision making (Alba and Marmorstein 1987) and ultimately consumer purchase behavior (Akcura, Gonul, and Petrova 2004). Specifically, consumers for whom brand-self connection is high and for whom associations are also prominent may be more likely to engage in relationship sustaining behaviors than those for whom the brand-self connection is high but prominence is low. This is true because the brand’s prominence makes relationship sustaining activities salient as well. Hence, one might observe greater behavioral commitment in the form of brand loyalty and other behaviors (e. g. , positive 7 word of mouth, and more time, money, and energy spent on relationship sustaining behaviors) when both brand-self connection and prominence are high. This logic is also consistent with prior work (Akcura, Gonul, and Petrova 2004; Alba and Chattopadhyay 1986; Alba and Marmorstein 1987), which suggests that the prominence of feelings and thoughts can impact behavior by inhibiting recall of other thoughts and feelings (Alba and Chattopadhyay 1986). As relationship sustaining activities become more prominent, relationship inhibiting behaviors may be inhibited. Second, we noted earlier that consumers can develop a strong brand-self connection because (a) the brand is part of one’s self-conception and/or (b) it has instrumental value. The former emphasizes brand-self connections in terms of who one is and one’s identity. One might expect that when brands are identity based (i. e. , one’s iMac is seen as part of who one is and what one stands for) prominence is generally high since self-activation and brand activation cooccur. If so, adding prominence may add little to the assessment of attachment since prominence and brand-self connection covary. However, prominence may serve as an important indicator of attachment when consumers are connected to a brand given its instrumental value (i. e. one’s iMac is important to fulfilling entertainment and work related goals). That is, when a brand has instrumental value attachment should be stronger when brand-related thoughts and feelings are more vs. less prominent. As prominence increases, brand-related thoughts and feelings are part of everyday life tasks, making brand attachment stronger. Brand attachment emotions. Emotions are often evoked when att achment is strong, as emotions are inherent to brand-self connection and prominence factors. Indeed, the emotional nature of attachment has led to a measure of attachment based purely on emotions. Thomson et al. ’s (2005) 3-factor model characterizes brand attachment in terms of three emotional 8 components: (a) affection (characterized by the emotion items â€Å"affectionate,† â€Å"loved,† â€Å"friendly,† and â€Å"peaceful†), (b) passion (characterized by the items â€Å"passionate,† â€Å"delighted,† and â€Å"captivated†), and (c) connection (characterized by the items â€Å"connected,† â€Å"bonded,† and â€Å"attached†). Although we agree that attachments are emotional, in contrast to Thomson et al. (2005), the set of specific emotions underlying attachment is not central to our conceptualization (or measure) of attachment. Indeed, we are agnostic to the specific set of positive feelings linked to the brand. Feelings linked to brand-self connection and brand prominence could be numerous in type and different feelings may be idiosyncratically linked to specific person-brand autobiographical meanings and their prominence. Such feelings could include those noted by Thomson et al. (2005). However, they could also include joy, excitement, pride, contentment, relief, nostalgia, or any other feelings retrieved from brand-self memories. Second, while passion may indeed characterize strong brand attachment as Thomson et al. 2005) suggest, the degree of passion linked to strong attachment may depend on the relationship’s evolutionary status. Research indicates that passion may wane as relationships progress (Ahuvia, Batra, and Bagozzi 2009). At the same time, relationship progression brings with it more brand-self experiences that should deepen the brand-self bond and enhance its salience. Thus, while time may be associated with waning passion, it may also be associated with enhanced attachment. Representing attachment based on passion may not fully capture all relationships characterized by strong attachment. Third, attachment is more than emotions; it is reflected by mental representations (richcognitive schemata) that include brand-self cognitions, thoughts, and autobiographical brand memories (Berman and Sperling 1994; Mikulincer and Shaver 2007) that may not be captured by 9 measures of emotions. As such, we do not include emotions as factors that indicate brand attachment. Instead, we reason that our two factor model of attachment (brand-self connection and brand prominence) captures the emotions that accompany attachment. 1 Brand attachment and brand relationship quality. The brand attachment concept also shares some conceptual resemblance to Fournier’s (1998) seminal concept of brand relationship quality (BRQ). Both concepts propose similar outcomes (e. g. , accommodations, devaluation of alternatives). Furthermore, Fournier’s (1998) concept includes brand-self connection as one of the six indicators of BRQ, assessing the â€Å"quality, depth, and strength† of a consumer’s relationship with a brand (Fournier 1998, p. 363). However, our measure is designed to reflect only the strength dimension as it pertains to brand-self connection. Moreover, BRQ is designed to accommodate a host of relationships types (e. g. , best friends, kinships, dependencies, and enslavements) and thus accommodates relationships types that can be positive, neutral, or negative. However, brand attachment specifies neither relationship type, nor does it accommodate negative relationships. Differentiating Brand Attachment from Brand Attitude Strength Brand attachment and brand attitude strength share several similarities. Both are psychological constructs that reference a brand. Both involve assessments of â€Å"strength. † (i. e. , of the bond or the attitude). Both assume that high levels of their respective constructs are based on substantial processing regarding the brand. Both have implications for marketing-relevant consumption behaviors, such as brand purchase, repeat purchase, and willingness to recommend a brand. Moreover, we surmise that when consumers are strongly attached to a brand, they can also have 10 a positive and strong attitude toward it. However, we regard brand attachment and brand attitude strength as distinct constructs because they differ in several fundamental respects. First, the constructs differ in the nature of affect they implicate. Whereas attachment implicates hot affect from the brand’s linkage to the self (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007), strong brand attitudes reflect evaluations and cold affect (Cohen and Areni 1991) involving a judgment about the brand. This difference in affect has important implications for brand behaviors as discussed later. In this sense, the constructs differ in their motivational power, with the emotional and self-implications underlying attachment serving as a more powerful driver of behavior. Second, although both constructs involve assessments of strength, the entity to which â€Å"strength† applies differs. With attachment, what is strong is the bond that connects the brand with the self. Bonds are stronger (a) as connections between the brand and self become closer and (b) as brand-related thoughts and memories are more prominent. With strong attitudes, what is strong is one’s judgment of the goodness or badness of the brand. Thus, with attachment, strength references the brand self-relationship. Such strength is indicated by the connection between the self and the brand and a subjective sense of brand prominence. With strong attitudes, strength references the attitude object and the confidence with which it is held. Such strength is often indicated by objective indicators of attitude accessibility. Moreover, the factors that lead to variation in strength vary. With strong brand attitudes, strength varies not as a function of brandself connections or the prominence of brand thoughts, but rather as a function of the confidence with which the judgment is rendered (Petty, Brinol, and DeMarree 2007). Third, the constructs differ in their range of valence. Strong attitudes can range from positive to negative, such that attitude strength is conceptualized on a bi-polar valence dimension. Attitudes thus range from strong-positive to weak-positive to weak-negative to strong-negative. 11 Thus, positive and negative ends anchor the attitude strength continuum and behavior is linked with either end of that continuum. In other words, just as strong positive attitudes predict behavior (e. g. , purchase) strong negative attitudes also predict behavior (e. g. , purchase avoidance). In contrast, attachments are always positive. The opposite of a strong attachment is a weak attachment. What varies is not the valence of the attachment but rather the strength of the bond connecting the brand with the self and its prominence. Finally, whereas attachment is largely time-dependent, brand attitude strength need not be. Specifically, attachment includes relationship based working models (mental representations) that reflect prominent autobiographical and episodic memories concerning oneself and the attachment object. Such models also include procedural knowledge about how the brand can regulate one’s emotions (Collins and Read 1994; Mikulincer and Shaver 2007). Such self-brand links develop over time (Mikulincer and Shaver 2003). In contrast, strong brand attitudes need not be time dependent. They are based on thoughtful processing (elaboration) and can be formed in a limited time as long as the information on which they are based is both persuasive and the result of elaboration. Because attachments develop over time while strong brand attitudes need not, attachment may reflect a more advanced stage of relationship development. Predicting the Differential Impact of Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength Having conceptually distinguished brand attachment from brand attitude strength, we turn now to understanding whether they predict different outcomes. This is a novel issue as prior research has not yet distinguished the differential effects each predicts. Thomson et al. (2005) have demonstrated that their measure of emotional attachment and attitude valence have distinct 12 effects, with attachment better predicting brand loyalty and willingness to pay a price premium. However, their research did not study attitude strength. Since attitude strength is more closely tied to actual purchase behavior than is attitude valence (Fazio 1995; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995; Priester et al. 004), a more convincing case for the power of attachment would be made if its impact were different than that of attitude strength. Increasing research shows that attitude strength predicts purchase behavior, with the direction of the behavior (being inclined or disinclined toward purchase) varying as a function of whether attitude valence is strongly positive or strongly negative (Fazio 1995; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995). Most often studied are r elatively simple behaviors, such as purchase intentions or product choice (Fazio, Powell, and Williams 1989; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995). We add to the literature by suggesting that within a given consumption context, behaviors can be conceptualized along a hierarchy that reflects their enactment difficulty. Difficulty is conceptualized as the extent to which the behaviors expend economic, social, psychological, time, or physical resources. We use an extended version of self-expansion theory to develop these ideas. As described below, our theorizing predicts novel behavioral outcomes that have not been linked with brand attachment or strong brand attitudes, specifically, intentions and actual behaviors, including actual purchase, brand purchase share, and need share. Self-expansion theory provides a basis for these predictions. Self-Expansion Theory and Behaviors Self-expansion theory (Aron et al. 2005) posits that individuals possess an inherent motivation for self-expansion, a desire to incorporate others (here brands) into one’s conception of â€Å"self. † The more an entity (brand) is included in the self, the closer is the bond that connects them. 13 Attachment develops over time as relationships between the self and the entity evolve. Through time, a cognitive reorganization takes place such that the self expands to include the entity. Individuals develop a positive feeling of one-ness with the entity (Aron et al. 1992) and tend to view the entity’s resources as their own (Mittal 2006). We add to self expansion theory by proposing that consumers who are attached to brands are not just recipients of the brand’s resources (i. e. , consumers come to regard the brand’s resources as their own); they also actively invest their own resources in the brand so as to maintain their brand relationship. Thus, consumers who are highly attached to a brand are more motivated to expend resources of their own in the process of self-expansion. Such resources include the allocation of (a) social resources, like defending the brand to others and derogating alternatives (e. g. , Johnson and Rusbult 1989), (b) financial resources, as evidenced by a willingness to pay a higher price for the brand (Thomson et al. 2005) or the willingness to devote a greater share of one’s expenditures to the brand (as opposed to brands in the same or related product categories), and (c) time resources, as illustrated by involvement in brand communities and brand promotion through social media (Muniz and O’Guinn 2001; Schouten and McAlexander 1995). Hence, the more attached one is to the brand, the more likely the individual is to move from an egocentric to a more reciprocal brand relationship involving sharing one’s resources with the brand. As such, consumers who are highly attached to a brand should treat the brand preferentially and engage in restorative behaviors that ensure brand relationship continuation (Aron et al 1992; Aron et al. 2005; Mikulincer 1998). Impact on Intentions to Perform Difficult Behaviors 14 We expect that consumers’ intent to enact difficult behaviors (those that use more of their own resources) is greater when attachment is strong (vs. eak). This is so since a feeling of oneness is accompanied with hot affect, which is highly motivational (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007). Because attached consumers see brands as part of themselves and have salient thoughts and feelings about the brand, they should be more willing to utilize greater resources of their own; resources that require the enactmen t of difficult behaviors so as to maintain that relationship. The greater the attachment, the more difficult the behavior the consumer is willing to enact in order to maintain the brand relationship. Attitude strength should be less able to predict these relationship maintaining, sustaining and restoring behaviors because the brand is not connected to the self and hence is less strongly linked to resource allocation for the purposes of sustaining a brand relationship. This novel extension of self-expansion theory leads us to predict: H1: Brand attachment is a better indicator of a consumer’s intentions to perform difficult behaviors than is brand attitude strength. Impact on Actual Purchase Behavior Whereas H1 examines intentions, a long history of research shows that intentions and actions do not always correspond. This is because situational (e. g. , a brand unavailability), normative (e. g. , social constraints), behavioral (e. g. , habits), and financial (price increase) constraints may preclude intentions from being actualized into behaviors (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975; Shepphard, Hartwick, and Warshaw 1988). When the behavior itself involves significant resources, enactment difficulty will be even higher. We posit that brand attachment will act as a stronger predictor of actual difficult-to-enact behaviors compared to strong brand attitudes. Strongly 15 ttached consumers incorporate a brand as part of their self and hold salient thoughts and feelings about it. On the basis of perceived oneness with a brand, consumers should be more motivated to enact relationship sustaining behaviors that are difficult to perform than consumers with strong brand attitudes. Therefore, we predict: H2: Brand attachment is a better indicator of a consumer’s actual purchase behavior than is brand attitude s trength. Brand Purchase Share We also expect that brand attachment better predicts a brand’s purchase share, defined as the share of a brand among directly competing brands (e. . , if the number of competing brands a consumer purchases in a given product category is 0, the focal brand’s purchase share is 100%). When consumers are strongly attached to a brand, competing brands will be less prominent and linked less strongly to the self. As a result, competing brands will be less likely to be regarded as substitutes. Work in attachment theory and psychology indicates that individuals perceive attached objects as irreplaceable; other objects will not serve as substitutes (Bowlby 1980). Thus, a consumer who is strongly attached to a brand of running shoes (e. g. Nike) is less likely to use competing brands. In contrast, brand attitude strength does not necessarily have the same implications for brand purchase share. One can have a strong positive attitude toward one brand while also having a similar strong positive attitude toward another brand. Thus, we anticipate: H3: Brand attachment is a better indicator of brand purchase share (the share of a brand among directly competing brands) than is brand attitude strength. 16 Need Share We also expect that brand attachment better predicts the brand’s share of use among substitutable alternatives, specifically, need share. For example, a consumer who is strongly attached to a brand of soft drinks is not only less likely to buy competing soft drinks, but also less likely to buy other beverages (e. g. , tea, coffee, water, juice). Likewise, a consumer who is attached to her iPhone may not only be more likely to allocate more of her monetary resources to the iPhone (vs. competing cell phone alternatives), but also more likely to use her iPhone as a source of information and entertainment compared to competing need categories (e. g. , newspapers, TV, magazines). The brands to which consumers are highly attached capture consumers’ mind and heart. Therefore, attached consumers would be less likely to rely on alternatives, even in other categories that fill the same need. Thus, we predict: H4: Brand attachment is a better indicator of brand need share (the relative use of a brand compared to substitutable alternatives) than is brand attitude strength. Study 1: Measuring Brand Attachment We first developed a scale designed to map the conceptual properties of the brand attachment construct noted above. We generated a set of items designed to tap brand-self connections and the prominence of brand thoughts and feelings. Ten indicators of attachment were generated, five each for the brand-self connection and prominence components. All items were evaluated on 11point scales anchored by 0 (= â€Å"not at all†) and 10 (= â€Å"completely†). 17 We analyzed consumers’ responses to the 10-item scale using three very different brands (Quaker Oats Oatmeal, the Apple iPod, and a local university). Through exploratory factor analyses using oblique factor rotation, we reduced the 10-item scale to 8 items. The full list of items comprising this scale and analyses pertinent to this pretest is presented in Table 1. Although the resulting 8-item scale (5 items reflecting brand-self connection and 3 items representing brand prominence) is not unusually long for academic use, we sought to develop a more parsimonious scale that would lend itself to marketing practice. We therefore s

Henry David Thoreaus Thoughts on Love

Henry David Thoreau's Thoughts on Love Henry David Thoreau is thought of by many as Americas supreme nature writer and is most famous Walden, his book of observations and intermingled philosophy about the time he spent living on Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts. But he had thoughts to share about many other things, as this essay reveals. This work, originally titled Love and Friendship, was culled from a letter Thoreau wrote to a friend in September 1852. It was first published in the collection Letters to Various Persons (1865), edited by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Thoreaus friend and mentor. Biographer Robert D. Richardson Jr. says that despite the essays faults (sentimental language, overblown idealizing, and choppy, unsure paragraphing), Love is refreshing in its desire to avoid sentimental cant. Love What the essential difference between man and woman is, that they should be thus attracted to one another, no one has satisfactorily answered. Perhaps we must acknowledge the justness of the distinction which assigns to man the sphere of wisdom and to woman that of love, though neither belongs exclusively to either. Man is continually saying to woman, Why will you not be more wise? Woman is continually saying to man, Why will you not be more loving? It is not in their wills to be wise or to be loving; but, unless each is both wise and loving, there can be neither wisdom nor love. All transcendent goodness is one, though appreciated in different ways, or by different senses. In beauty we see it, in music we hear it, in fragrance, we scent it, in the palatable the pure palate tastes it, and in rare health, the whole body feels it. The variety is in the surface or manifestation, but the radical identity we fail to express. The lover sees in the glance of his beloved the same beauty that in the sunset paints the western skies. It is the same daimon, here lurking under a human eyelid, and there under the closing eyelids of the day. Here, in small compass, is the ancient and natural beauty of evening and morning. What loving astronomer has ever fathomed the ethereal depths of the eye? The maiden conceals a fairer flower and sweeter fruit than any calyx in the field; and, if she goes with averted face, confiding in her purity and high resolves, she will make the heavens retrospective, and all nature humbly confess its queen. Under the influence of this sentiment, man is a string of an Aeolian harp, which vibrates with the zephyrs of the eternal morning. There is at first thought something trivial in the commonness of love. So many Indian youths and maidens along these banks have in ages past yielded to the influence of this great civilizer. Nevertheless, this generation is not disgusted nor discouraged, for love is no individuals experience; and though we are imperfect mediums, it does not partake of our imperfection; though we are finite, it is infinite and eternal; and the same divine influence broods over these banks, whatever race may inhabit them, and perchance still would, even if the human race did not dwell here. Perhaps an instinct survives through the intensest actual love, which prevents entire abandonment and devotion, and makes the most ardent lover a little reserved. It is the anticipation of change. For the most ardent lover is not the less practically wise, and seeks a love which will last forever. Considering how few poetical friendships there are, it is remarkable that so many are married. It would seem as if men yielded too easy an obedience to nature without consulting their genius. One may be drunk with love without being any nearer to finding his mate. There is more of good nature than of good sense at the bottom of most marriages. But the good nature must have the counsel of the good spirit or Intelligence. If common sense had been consulted, how many marriages would never have taken place; if uncommon or divine sense, how few marriages such as we witness would ever have taken place! Our love may be ascending or descending. What is its character, if it may be said of it We must respect the souls above,But only those below we love. Love is a severe critic. Hate can pardon more than love. They who aspire to love worthily, subject themselves to an ordeal more rigid than any other. Is your friend such a one that an increase of worth on your part will surely make her more your friend? Is she retained is she attracted by more nobleness in you by more of that virtue which is peculiarly yours, or is she indifferent and blind to that? Is she to be flattered and won by your meeting her on any other than the ascending path? Then duty requires that you separate from her. Love must be as much a light as a flame. Where there is not discernment, the behavior even of the purest soul may in effect amount to coarseness. A man of fine perceptions is more truly feminine than a merely sentimental woman. The heart is blind, but Love is not blind. None of the gods is so discriminating. In Love Friendship the imagination is as much exercised as the heart; and if either is outraged the other will be estranged. It is commonly the imagination which is wounded first, rather than the heart, it is so much the more sensitive. Comparatively, we can excuse any offense against the heart, but not against the imagination. The imagination knows nothing escapes its glance from out its eyry and it controls the breast. My heart may still yearn toward the valley, but my imagination will not permit me to jump off the precipice that debars me from it, for it is wounded, its wings are dipt, and it cannot fly, even descendingly. Our blundering hearts! some poet says. The imagination never forgets; it is a remembering. It is not foundationless, but most reasonable, and it alone uses all the knowledge of the intellect. Love is the profoundest of secrets. Divulged, even to the beloved, it is no longer Love. As if it were merely I that loved you. When love ceases, then it is divulged. In our intercourse with one we love, we wish to have answered those questions at the end of which we do not raise our voice; against which we put no interrogation-markanswered with the same unfailing, universal aim toward every point of the compass. I require that thou knowest everything without being told anything. I parted from my beloved because there was one thing which I had to tell her. She  questioned  me. She should have known all by sympathy. That I had to tell it her was the difference between usthe misunderstanding. A lover never hears anything that is  told, for that is commonly either false or stale; but he hears things taking place, as the sentinels heard Trenck mining in the ground, and thought it was moles. The relation may be profaned in many ways. The parties may not regard it with equal sacredness. What if the lover should learn that his beloved dealt in incantations and philters! What if he should hear that she consulted a clairvoyant! The spell would be instantly broken. If to chaffer and higgle are bad in trade, they are much worse in Love. It demands directness as of an arrow. There is danger that we lose sight of what our friend is absolutely while considering what she is to us alone. The lover wants no partiality. He says, be so kind as to be just. Canst thou love with thy mind,And reason with thy heart?Canst thou be kind,And from thy darling part?Canst thou range earth, sea, and air,And so meet me everywhere?Through all events I will pursue thee,Through all persons I will woo thee. I need thy hate as much as thy love. Thou wilt not repel me entirely when thou repellest what is evil in me. Indeed, indeed, I cannot tell,Though I ponder on it well,Which were easier to state.All my love or all my hate.Surely, surely, thou wilt trust meWhen I say thou doth disgust me.O I hate thee with a hateThat would fain annihilate;Yet, sometimes, against my will,My dear Friend, I love thee still.It were treason to our love,And a sin to God above,One iota to abateOf a pure, impartial hate. It is not enough that we are truthful; we must cherish and carry out high purposes to be truthful about. It must be rare, indeed, that we meet with one to whom we are prepared to be quite ideally related, as she to us. We should have no reserve; we should give the whole of ourselves to that society; we should have no duty aside from that. One who could bear to be so wonderfully and beautifully exaggerated every day. I would take my friend out of her low self and set her higher, infinitely higher, and  there  know her. But, commonly, men are as much afraid of love as of hate. They have lower engagements. They have near ends to serve. They have not imagination enough to be thus employed about a human being but must be coopering a barrel, forsooth. What a difference, whether, in all your walks, you meet only strangers, or in one house is one who knows you, and whom you know. To have a brother or a sister! To have a gold mine on your farm! To find diamonds in the gravel heaps before your door! How rare these things are! To share the day with youto people the earth. Whether to have a god or a goddess for companion in your walks or to walk alone with hinds and villains and carles. Would not a friend enhance the beauty of the landscape as much as a deer or hare? Everything would acknowledge and serve such a relation; the corn in the field, and the cranberries in the meadow. The flowers would bloom, and the birds sing, with a new impulse. There would be more fair days in the year. The object of love expands and grows before us to eternity until it includes all that is lovely, and we become all that can love.

Should you search for a job during the holiday season

Should you search for a job during the holiday season As the end of the year approaches, it gets easier to justify not doing things until later. â€Å"I’m awfully busy right now. I’ll start my diet/gym routine/job hunt in the new year, when things are calmer.† Is this reasonable logic? It is. But it may be costing you valuable job opportunities. Here are 7 reasons you should consider making a job search part of your holiday festivities this year.7 reasons to start your job search during the holidaysHiring is year-roundThe end of the year is no different than any other time of year: people leave jobs, and those jobs need to be filled. Or, companies are looking ahead to the new year and want to have staff in place as soon as possible after the ball drops in Times Square. The hiring keeps buzzing along, holidays or not.There’s less competitionWhile others are out waiting in line doing their last-minute shopping or putting stamps on 549 holiday cards, there are fewer people focused on job searches. In the new yea r, there are likely to be hordes of other people seeking out job listings and ads, while openings that pop up in December go under the radar. If you’re keeping an eye out for a new job opportunity while most other people are focusing on other things, you could have an advantage.You can think short-term and long-termMany places hire seasonal staff to get through the holidays. But that temporary gig could turn into a permanent one. You’re already in place, you have the skills they want, and now you have a toe in the door. This makes you a great candidate when a more permanent job opens up.You can look now, but start laterBecause many companies are looking ahead to staffing needs in January and February, it may be that the job you’re applying for now may not even start until after the holidays. But if you wait until January to put those feelers out, it may already be too late to score those upcoming jobs.The holidays have built-in networking opportunitiesWhat bette r time of year is there to say, â€Å"Let’s go out and grab a holiday drink† or write, â€Å"It’s been a while, and I’d love to catch up with you† in a holiday card. The holidays are a time when people get sentimental about relationships and feel a little extra social. You never know what opportunities can pop up if you put a little extra work into networking this time of year.Holiday vacation isn’t necessarily off the tableOne of the biggest concerns about job hunting during the holidays is, â€Å"What if I get it and can’t accommodate my existing holiday plans?† If you have a non-refundable flight over the holidays and your new job offer comes with a non-negotiable start date the day before you’re scheduled to travel†¦ well, that might not be the right opportunity for you. But some companies are willing to negotiate a start date- say, January 2.Extra money comes in handy this time of yearA new job often comes with a bump in pay, and for many people, this is a time of year fraught with extra expenses and indulgences. Sticking with your job search during the holidays could be a bonus if you score a new job and a pay raise right before all those credit card bills come due.The holiday season may feel like a time you should be focusing on the personal over the professional, but if you put in time and effort into the job hunt while others are putting theirs on hold, you could find great opportunities.

Segmentation and Introduction to Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segmentation and Introduction to Product - Essay Example This is a category of the market that requires the color and the type of shapes that the product is associated with. It is star shaped and the unique shape is meant to attract children. Children respond better to such uniqueness that the product is known for. The cereal is manufactured from whole grain wheat and provides eight important vitamins and other essential minerals such as iron and calcium. These minerals help in growth which makes the product more suitable for children. The packaging of products determines the response they get from the market. In this case, the packaging has lots of cartoons which would draw attention from children. One other feature that makes this cereal favorable to women is the fact that it is chocolate flavored. The affinity women have for chocolate would draw their attention to notice this product when on a shopping spree. Consequently, as a product targeting women, Estreliats is bound to captivate the female

Critical Communication Event in Wireless Telecommunications Essay

Critical Communication Event in Wireless Telecommunications - Essay Example The history of wireless technology is not a onetime affair. It has been a gradual advancement that has seen bit after bit of new knowledge added to the already existing pool so that conveyance of information in the modern time has become an easy affair (Goldsmith, 2007). The case between Emery and Southwest Airlines is a classic example of issues that erupt daily which without the modern forms of communication may never be known. Emery is denied entry into the Airline’s flight on the account of his weight. The issue is seen to trigger a lot of public interest as a function of its wide coverage in the media through television and the internet. The very fundamental role of the media is reflected in this case. It is important to realize that the media solely acts as a means through which the masses can obtain the information and no more. The information is relayed through such outlets as eTurbo and ABC News which clearly analyze the whole situation thereby making the public quite informed and aware of the true nature of the Airline. It is therefore important to acknowledge the role played by modern -day communication more so wireless communication in the dissemination of very fundamental information that relates to humanity. Through such informa tion, people are able to exercise their social characteristics to the benefit of humanity at

Advantages of Binary System

Advantages of Binary System The binary number system, base two, uses only two symbols, 0 and 1. Two is the smallest whole number that can be used as the base of a number system. For many years, mathematicians saw base two as a primitive system and overlooked the potential of the binary system as a tool for developing computer science and many electrical devices. Base two has several other names, including the binary positional numeration system and the dyadic system. Many civilizations have used the binary system in some form, including inhabitants of Australia, Polynesia, South America, and Africa. Ancient Egyptian arithmetic depended on the binary system. Records of Chinese mathematics trace the binary system back to the fifth century and possibly earlier. The Chinese were probably the first to appreciate the simplicity of noting integers as sums of powers of 2, with each coefficient being 0 or 1. For example, the number 10 would be written as 1010: 10= 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 Users of the binary system face something of a trade-off. The two-digit system has a basic purity that makes it suitable for solving problems of modern technology. However, the process of writing out binary numbers and using them in mathematical computation is long and cumbersome, making it impractical to use binary numbers for everyday calculations. There are no shortcuts for converting a number from the commonly used denary scale (base ten) to the binary scale. Over the years, several prominent mathematicians have recognized the potential of the binary system. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) invented a bilateral alphabet code, a binary system that used the symbols A and B rather than 0 and 1. In his philosophical work, The Advancement of Learning, Bacon used his binary system to develop ciphers and codes. These studies laid the foundation for what was to become word processing in the late twentieth century. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), adopted in 1966, accomplishes the same purpose as Bacons alphabet code. Bacons discoveries were all the more remarkable because at the time Bacon was writing, Europeans had no information about the Chinese work on binary systems. A German mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716), learned of the binary system from Jesuit missionaries who had lived in China. Leibniz was quick to recognize the advantages of the binary system over the denary system, but he is also well known for his attempts to transfer binary thinking to theology. He speculated that the creation of the universe may have been based on a binary scale, where God, represented by the number 1, created the Universe out of nothing, represented by 0. This widely quoted analogy rests on an error, in that it is not strictly correct to equate nothing with zero. The English mathematician and logician George Boole (1815-1864) developed a system of Boolean logic that could be used to analyze any statement that could be broken down into binary form (for example, true/false, yes/no, male/female). Booles work was ignored by mathematicians for 50 years, until a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology realized that Boolean algebra could be applied to problems of electronic circuits. Boolean logic is one of the building blocks of computer science, and computer users apply binary principles every time they conduct an electronic search. The binary system works well for computers because the mechanical and electronic relays recognize only two states of operation, such as on/off or closed/open. Operational characters 1 and 0 stand for 1 = on = closed circuit = true 0 = off = open circuit = false. The telegraph system, which relies on binary code, demonstrates the ease with which binary numbers can be translated into electrical impulses. The binary system works well with electronic machines and can also aid in encrypting messages. Calculating machines using base two convert decimal numbers to binary form, then take the process back again, from binary to decimal. The binary system, once dismissed as primitive, is thus central to the development of computer science and many forms of electronics. Many important tools of communication, including the typewriter, cathode ray tube, telegraph, and transistor, could not have been developed without the work of Bacon and Boole. Contemporary applications of binary numerals include statistical investigations and probability studies. Mathematicians and everyday citizens use the binary system to explain strategy, prove mathematical theorems, and solve puzzles. Basic Concepts behind the Binary System To understand binary numbers, begin by remembering basic school math. When we were first taught about numbers, we learnt that, in the decimal system, things are categorised into columns: H | T | O 1 | 9 | 3 such that H is the hundreds column, T is the tens column, and O is the ones column. So the number 193 is 1-hundreds plus 9-tens plus 3-ones. Afterwards we learnt that the ones column meant 10^0, the tens column meant 10^1, the hundreds column 10^2 and so on, such that 10^2|10^1|10^0 1 | 9 | 3 The number 193 is really {(1*10^2) + (9*10^1) + (3*10^0)}. We know that the decimal system uses the digits 0-9 to represent numbers. If we wished to put a larger number in column 10^n (e.g., 10), we would have to multiply 10*10^n, which would give 10 ^ (n+1), and be carried a column to the left. For example, if we put ten in the 10^0 column, it is impossible, so we put a 1 in the 10^1 column, and a 0 in the 10^0 column, therefore using two columns. Twelve would be 12*10^0, or 10^0(10+2), or 10^1+2*10^0, which also uses an additional column to the left (12). The binary system works under the exact same principles as the decimal system, only it operates in base 2 rather than base 10. In other words, instead of columns being 10^2|10^1|10^0 They are, 2^2|2^1|2^0 Instead of using the digits 0-9, we only use 0-1 (again, if we used anything larger it would be like multiplying 2*2^n and getting 2^n+1, which would not fit in the 2^n column. Therefore, it would shift you one column to the left. For example, 3 in binary cannot be put into one column. The first column we fill is the right-most column, which is 2^0, or 1. Since 3>1, we need to use an extra column to the left, and indicate it as 11 in binary (1*2^1) + (1*2^0). Binary Addition Consider the addition of decimal numbers: 23 +48 ___ We begin by adding 3+8=11. Since 11 is greater than 10, a one is put into the 10s column (carried), and a 1 is recorded in the ones column of the sum. Next, add {(2+4) +1} (the one is from the carry) = 7, which is put in the 10s column of the sum. Thus, the answer is 71. Binary addition works on the same principle, but the numerals are different. Begin with one-bit binary addition: 0 0 1 +0 +1 +0 ___ ___ ___ 0 1 1 1+1 carries us into the next column. In decimal form, 1+1=2. In binary, any digit higher than 1 puts us a column to the left (as would 10 in decimal notation). The decimal number 2 is written in binary notation as 10 (1*2^1)+(0*2^0). Record the 0 in the ones column, and carry the 1 to the twos column to get an answer of 10. In our vertical notation, 1 +1 ___ 10 The process is the same for multiple-bit binary numbers: 1010 +1111 ______ Step one: Column 2^0: 0+1=1. Record the 1.   Temporary Result: 1; Carry: 0 Step two: Column 2^1: 1+1=10.   Record the 0 carry the 1. Temporary Result: 01; Carry: 1 Step three: Column 2^2: 1+0=1 Add 1 from carry: 1+1=10.   Record the 0, carry the 1. Temporary Result: 001; Carry: 1 Step four: Column 2^3: 1+1=10. Add 1 from carry: 10+1=11. Record the 11.   Final result: 11001 Alternately: 11 (carry) 1010 +1111 ______ 11001 Always remember 0+0=0 1+0=1 1+1=10 Try a few examples of binary addition: 111 101 111 +110 +111 +111 ______ _____ _____ 1101 1100 1110 Binary Multiplication Multiplication in the binary system works the same way as in the decimal system: 1*1=1 1*0=0 0*1=0 101 * 11 ____ 101 1010 _____ 1111 Note that multiplying by two is extremely easy. To multiply by two, just add a 0 on the end. Binary Division Follow the same rules as in decimal division. For the sake of simplicity, throw away the remainder. For Example: 111011/11 10011 r 10 _______ 11)111011 -11 ______ 101 -11 ______ 101 11 ______ 10 Decimal to Binary Converting from decimal to binary notation is slightly more difficult conceptually, but can easily be done once you know how through the use of algorithms. Begin by thinking of a few examples. We can easily see that the number 3= 2+1. and that this is equivalent to (1*2^1)+(1*2^0). This translates into putting a 1 in the 2^1 column and a 1 in the 2^0 column, to get 11. Almost as intuitive is the number 5: it is obviously 4+1, which is the same as saying [(2*2) +1], or 2^2+1. This can also be written as [(1*2^2)+(1*2^0)]. Looking at this in columns, 2^2 | 2^1 | 2^0 1 0 1 or 101. What were doing here is finding the largest power of two within the number (2^2=4 is the largest power of 2 in 5), subtracting that from the number (5-4=1), and finding the largest power of 2 in the remainder (2^0=1 is the largest power of 2 in 1). Then we just put this into columns. This process continues until we have a remainder of 0. Lets take a look at how it works. We know that: 2^0=1 2^1=2 2^2=4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32 2^6=64 2^7=128 and so on. To convert the decimal number 75 to binary, we would find the largest power of 2 less than 75, which is 64. Thus, we would put a 1 in the 2^6 column, and subtract 64 from 75, giving us 11. The largest power of 2 in 11 is 8, or 2^3. Put 1 in the 2^3 column, and 0 in 2^4 and 2^5. Subtract 8 from 11 to get 3. Put 1 in the 2^1 column, 0 in 2^2, and subtract 2 from 3. Were left with 1, which goes in 2^0, and we subtract one to get zero. Thus, our number is 1001011. Making this algorithm a bit more formal gives us: Let D=number we wish to convert from decimal to binary Repeat until D=0 a. Find the largest power of two in D. Let this equal P. b. Put a 1 in binary column P. c. Subtract P from D. Put zeros in all columns which dont have ones. This algorithm is a bit awkward. Particularly step 3, filling in the zeros. Therefore, we should rewrite it such that we ascertain the value of each column individually, putting in 0s and 1s as we go: Let D= the number we wish to convert from decimal to binary Find P, such that 2^P is the largest power of two smaller than D. Repeat until P If 2^P put 1 into column P subtract 2^P from D Else put 0 into column P End if Subtract 1 from P Now that we have an algorithm, we can use it to convert numbers from decimal to binary relatively painlessly. Lets try the number D=55. Our first step is to find P. We know that 2^4=16, 2^5=32, and 2^6=64. Therefore, P=5. 2^5 Subtracting 55-32 leaves us with 23. Subtracting 1 from P gives us 4. Following step 3 again, 2^4 Next, subtract 16 from 23, to get 7. Subtract 1 from P gives us 3. 2^3>7, so we put a 0 in the 2^3 column:  110 Next, subtract 1 from P, which gives us 2. 2^2 Subtract 4 from 7 to get 3. Subtract 1 from P to get 1. 2^1 Subtract 2 from 3 to get 1. Subtract 1 from P to get 0. 2^0 Subtract 1 from 1 to get 0. Subtract 1 from P to get -1. P is now less than zero, so we stop. Another algorithm for converting decimal to binary However, this is not the only approach possible. We can start at the right, rather than the left. All binary numbers are in the form a[n]*2^n + a[n-1]*2^(n-1)++a[1]*2^1 + a[0]*2^0 where each a[i] is either a 1 or a 0 (the only possible digits for the binary system). The only way a number can be odd is if it has a 1 in the 2^0 column, because all powers of two greater than 0 are even numbers (2, 4, 8, 16). This gives us the rightmost digit as a starting point. Now we need to do the remaining digits. One idea is to shift them. It is also easy to see that multiplying and dividing by 2 shifts everything by one column: two in binary is 10, or (1*2^1). Dividing (1*2^1) by 2 gives us (1*2^0), or just a 1 in binary. Similarly, multiplying by 2 shifts in the other direction: (1*2^1)*2=(1*2^2) or 10 in binary. Therefore {a[n]*2^n + a[n-1]*2^(n-1) + + a[1]*2^1 + a[0]*2^0}/2 is equal to a[n]*2^(n-1) + a[n-1]*2^(n-2) + + a[1]2^0 Lets look at how this can help us convert from decimal to binary. Take the number 163. We know that since it is odd, there must be a 1 in the 2^0 column (a[0]=1). We also know that it equals 162+1. If we put the 1 in the 2^0 column, we have 162 left, and have to decide how to translate the remaining digits. Twos column: Dividing 162 by 2 gives 81. The number 81 in binary would also have a 1 in the 2^0 column. Since we divided the number by two, we took out one power of two. Similarly, the statement a[n-1]*2^(n-1) + a[n-2]*2^(n-2) + + a[1]*2^0 has a power of two removed. Our new 2^0 column now contains a1. We learned earlier that there is a 1 in the 2^0 column if the number is odd. Since 81 is odd, a[1]=1. Practically, we can simply keep a running total, which now stands at 11 (a[1]=1 and a[0]=1). Also note that a1 is essentially multiplied again by two just by putting it in front of a[0], so it is automatically fit into the correct column. Fours column: Now we can subtract 1 from 81 to see what remainder we still must place (80). Dividing 80 by 2 gives 40. Therefore, there must be a 0 in the 4s column, (because what we are actually placing is a 2^0 column, and the number is not odd). Eights column: We can divide by two again to get 20. This is even, so we put a 0 in the 8s column. Our running total now stands at a[3]=0, a[2]=0, a[1]=1, and a[0]=1. Negation in the Binary System Signed Magnitude Ones Complement Twos Complement Excess 2^(m-1) These techniques work well for non-negative integers, but how do we indicate negative numbers in the binary system? Before we investigate negative numbers, we note that the computer uses a fixed number of bits or binary digits. An 8-bit number is 8 digits long. For this section, we will work with 8 bits. Signed Magnitude: The simplest way to indicate negation is signed magnitude. In signed magnitude, the left-most bit is not actually part of the number, but is just the equivalent of a +/- sign. 0 indicates that the number is positive, 1 indicates negative. In 8 bits, 00001100 would be 12 (break this down into (1*2^3) + (1*2^2) ). To indicate -12, we would simply put a 1 rather than a 0 as the first bit: 10001100. Ones Complement: In ones complement, positive numbers are represented as usual in regular binary. However, negative numbers are represented differently. To negate a number, replace all zeros with ones, and ones with zeros flip the bits. Thus, 12 would be 00001100, and -12 would be 11110011. As in signed magnitude, the leftmost bit indicates the sign (1 is negative, 0 is positive). To compute the value of a negative number, flip the bits and translate as before. Twos Complement: Begin with the number in ones complement. Add 1 if the number is negative. Twelve would be represented as 00001100, and -12 as 11110100. To verify this, lets subtract 1 from 11110100, to get 11110011. If we flip the bits, we get 00001100, or 12 in decimal. In this notation, m indicates the total number of bits. For us (working with 8 bits), it would be excess 2^7. To represent a number (positive or negative) in excess 2^7, begin by taking the number in regular binary representation. Then add 2^7 (=128) to that number. For example, 7 would be 128 + 7=135, or 2^7+2^2+2^1+2^0, and, in binary, 10000111. We would represent -7 as 128-7=121, and, in binary, 01111001. Note: Unless you know which representation has been used, you cannot figure out the value of a number. A number in excess 2 ^ (m-1) is the same as that number in twos complement with the leftmost bit flipped. To see the advantages and disadvantages of each method, lets try working with them. Using the regular algorithm for binary addition, add (5+12), (-5+12), (-12+-5), and (12+-12) in each system. Then convert back to decimal numbers. APPLICATIONS OF BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM The binary number system, also called the  base-2  number system, is a method of representing numbers that counts by using combinations of only two numerals: zero (0) and one (1). Computers use the binary number system to manipulate and store all of their data including numbers, words, videos, graphics, and music. The term bit, the smallest unit of digital technology, stands for Binary digit. A byte is a group of eight bits. A kilobyte is 1,024 bytes or 8,192 bits. Using binary numbers, 1 + 1 = 10 because 2 does not exist in this system. A different number system, the commonly used decimal or  base-10  number system, counts by using 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) so 1 + 1 = 2 and 7 + 7 = 14. Another number system used by computer programmers is hexadecimal system,  base-16  , which uses 16 symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F), so 1 + 1 = 2 and 7 + 7 = E. Base-10 and base-16 number systems are more compact than the binary system. Programmers use the hexadecimal number system as a convenient, more compact way to represent binary numbers because it is very easy to convert from binary to hexadecimal and vice versa. It is more difficult to convert from binary to decimal and from decimal to binary. The advantage of the binary system is its simplicity. A computing device can be created out of anything that has a series of switches, each of which can alternate between an on position and an off position. These switches can be electronic, biological, or mechanical, as long as they can be moved on command from one position to the other. Most computers have electronic switches. When a switch is on it represents the value of one, and when the switch is off it represents the value of zero. Digital devices perform mathematical operations by turning binary switches on and off. The faster the computer can turn the switches on and off, the faster it can perform its calculations. Binary Decimal Hexadecimal Number Number Number System System System 0 0 0 1 1 1 10 2 2 11 3 3 100 4 4 101 5 5 110 6 6 111 7 7 1000 8 8 1001 9 9 1010 10 A 1011 11 B 1100 12 C 1101 13 D 1110 14 E 1111 15 F 10000 16 10 Positional Notation Each numeral in a binary number takes a value that depends on its position in the number. This is called positional notation. It is a concept that also applies to decimal numbers. For example, the decimal number 123 represents the decimal value 100 + 20 + 3. The number one represents hundreds, the number two represents tens, and the number three represents units. A mathematical formula for generating the number 123 can be created by multiplying the number in the hundreds column (1) by 100, or 102; multiplying the number in the tens column (2) by 10, or 101; multiplying the number in the units column (3) by 1, or 100; and then adding the products together. The formula is: 1  ÃƒÆ'-  102  + 2  ÃƒÆ'-  101  + 3  ÃƒÆ'-  100  = 123. This shows that each value is multiplied by the base (10) raised to increasing powers. The value of the power starts at zero and is incremented by one at each new position in the formula. This concept of positional notation also applies to binary numbers with the difference being that the base is 2. For example, to find the decimal value of the binary number 1101, the formula is 1  ÃƒÆ'-  23  + 1  ÃƒÆ'-  22  + 0  ÃƒÆ'-  21  + 1  ÃƒÆ'-  20  = 13. Binary Operations Binary numbers can be manipulated with the same familiar operations used to calculate decimal numbers, but using only zeros and ones. To add two numbers, there are only four rules to remember: Therefore, to solve the following addition problem, start in the rightmost column and add 1 + 1 = 10; write down the 0 and carry the 1. Working with each column to the left, continue adding until the problem is solved. To convert a binary number to a decimal number, each digit is multiplied by a power of two. The products are then added together. For example, to translate the binary number 11010 to decimal, the formula would be as follows: To convert a binary number to a hexadecimal number, separate the binary number into groups of four starting from the right and then translate each group into its hexadecimal equivalent. Zeros may be added to the left of the binary number to complete a group of four. For example, to translate the number 11010 to hexadecimal, the formula would be as follows: Binary Number System A Binary Number is made up of only 0s and 1s. http://www.mathsisfun.com/images/binary-number.gif This is 1ÃÆ'-8 + 1ÃÆ'-4 + 0ÃÆ'-2 + 1 + 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) + 0ÃÆ'-(1/4) + 1ÃÆ'-(1/8) (= 13.625 in Decimal) Similar to the  Decimal System, numbers can be placed to the left or right of the point, to indicate values greater than one or less than one. For Binary Numbers: 2 Different Values Because you can only have 0s or 1s, this is how you count using Binary: Decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Binary: 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Binary is as easy as 1, 10, 11. Here are some more equivalent values: Decimal: 20 25 30 40 50 100 200 500 Binary: 10100 11001 11110 101000 110010 1100100 11001000 111110100    How to Show that a Number is Binary To show that a number is a  binary  number, follow it with a little 2 like this:  1012 This way people wont think it is the decimal number 101 (one hundred and one). Examples: Example 1: What is 11112  in Decimal? The 1 on the left is in the 2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=8) The next 1 is in the 2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=4) The next 1 is in the 2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2 (=2) The last 1 is in the units position, so that means 1 Answer: 1111 = 8+4+2+1 = 15 in Decimal Example 2: What is 10012  in Decimal? The 1 on the left is in the 2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=8) The 0 is in the 2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 0ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=0) The next 0 is in the 2 position, so that means 0ÃÆ'-2 (=0) The last 1 is in the units position, so that means 1 Answer: 1001 = 8+0+0+1 = 9 in Decimal Example 3: What is 1.12  in Decimal? The 1 on the left side is in the units position, so that means 1. The 1 on the right side is in the halves position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) So, 1.1 is 1 and 1 half = 1.5 in Decimal Example 4: What is 10.112  in Decimal? The 1 is in the 2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2 (=2) The 0 is in the units position, so that means 0 The 1 on the right of the point is in the halves position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) The last 1 on the right side is in the quarters position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/4) So, 10.11 is 2+0+1/2+1/4 = 2.75 in Decimal

Integrating basic skills Essay

Graphing and Social Studies The Rationale Graphing skills are in important tool for participating in adult society. As such, they should be emphasized and integrated into the curriculum. Including a graphing exercise as part of a larger social studies unit is a good way to reinforce math and interpretive skills. A graphing exercise gives the student an opportunity to demonstrate what has been learned in a creative way. Reproducing the information in graphical form also helps the students to see the big picture. It helps them see how different elements relate, and it provides a visual representation of the information that can be more easily remembered. As adults, the students will find that graphs are not solely a mathematical element. Graphs are a way we communicate concepts as well as data. Early integration of this skill into a child’s education can only be beneficial. The Exercise Software and internet sites to assist graphing activities are plentiful. For this exercise, the Create a Graph website (http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/) sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics will be used. The students have been studying the Plymouth Plantation. This lesson points out that the Pilgrims attained a new sense of freedom, but it was not without hardship. The graphing exercise is designed to reinforce this concept. Before the exercise begins the teacher will run through a brief graphing tutorial. To begin, the students will each receive one of three different assignment sheets. They will later be divided into groups based on which assignment they receive. The students in group one will receive a handout summarizing the information obtained in the part of the lesson called â€Å"Step 2. † Their task will be to construct a graph at the Create a Graph website comparing the speeds of various forms of transportation, present and past, including the Mayflower. A bar chart will be suggested. The students may discuss the project as a group, but each student must complete a chart. The second group will receive a handout summarizing the climatic data obtained in â€Å"Step 3. † They will construct a chart showing the average temperature highs and lows for each month of the year. An area chart will be suggested. The third group will receive a handout describing population levels of colonists and natives in the area in the years 1620-1640. They will be asked to construct charts showing the population distribution (men, women, Native Americans) in the years 1620 and 1640. Pie charts will be suggested. Copies of each graph will be printed for each student in the group. Fonts, colors and labels will be at the discretion of the students, but the students will be asked to keep in mind that their chart must explain the data clearly to someone who might not already be familiar with it. After everyone has completed a chart they will return to groups to discuss their results. The graphs in each group will not be identical, but they should be similar. Each group will then be asked an interpretive question: â€Å"What is your graph telling us? † The answer should be one written sentence. The idea is to present a very concise summary of the information, i. e. â€Å"The population difference between men and women shrunk between 1620 and 1640. † The teacher will choose one or two members of each croup to present their graph, describe the process of making it, and describe the meaning. To reinforce the experience, the students will be asked, as a class a series of follow up questions including the following: – Could we have used different types of graphs to present the data? Why or why not? – Why do we use graphs? – What do the graphs tell you about life on Plymouth? The graphing exercise will help students visualize the data. They can then draw their own conclusions about what the data means. They will gain exposure to the different types of graphs and when it is appropriate to use each. It is also another chance to integrate interactive technology into the students learning experience. The group format will allow students to exchange ideas and develop for themselves a more creative learning experience. As with any group exercise, the job of the teacher is to facilitate interaction and full participation of the students. Sources Bergen County Intermediate School District. (2006). Technology Curriculum Integration Ideas! Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. remc11. k12. mi. us/bcisd/classres/intideas. htm Brooks, Susan & Byles, Bill. (2006). Idea Starters for using Technology in the Classroom. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. internet4classrooms. com/integ_tech_lessons. htm Evans, Janet. (2005). Literacy Moves On: Popular Culture, New Technologies, and Critical Literacy in the Elementary Classroom. New York: Heinemann. Howell, Will C. (1987). Grid and graph it: graphing activities for listening and following directions, grades 4-6. Belmont, Calif. : Fearon Teacher Aids. National Center for Education Statistics. (2006). Students Classroom: Create a Graph. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/ Starr, Linda. (2003). Technology Integration Ideas that Work. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. education-world. com/a_tech/tech/tech176. shtml Ventura, Fred. (2006). Graphing and Computers in Grades 3-5. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www,venturaes. com/graphing/.

Racial Discrimination American History X, Remember The...

In the world today, the United States of America is a multicultural nation. This country has faced and still facing many racial issues from the Civil Right Movement till the present time. Racial discrimination has always been the most discussed topics when it comes to any society problems. As we process what take place around the world, furthermore; community cohesive together to exchanging culture, information, technology, and knowledge. However, the negative side of society always tries to ignore other people with different color by violence, the unawareness, and their behavior. The three films I had an analyst on American History X, Remember the Titans and The Blind Side showed, everyone is constantly fighting to be better than their neighbor, and the skin-color stratification is just another excuse to look down on them. Four causes that standout in these films mainly in this area which is stereotype, superiority, unfamiliarity, and education. Many Americans think of racism as s omething of the past, something back when Abraham Lincoln was president. Actually, discrimination will remain an issue in this world until the sun stops shining and the sound of people’s voices no longer lingers in the air. Racism is one of the most revolting things within the vicinity of humanity. Here is a quick summary of the three films, first is American History X is mixed with the past (in black and white) and the present time (in color) throughout the movie. The story consist two mainShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities

Business Intelligence Is The Gathering And Analysis

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It consist of a huge data warehouse or data marts of business data, from which it performs mining, recognizing, digging or analyzing operations to produce suitable results/reports. BI applications include a wide range of activities for statistical analysis, Data mining, querying and reporting, business performance analysis, Online Analytical Processing, and forecasting and predictiveRead MoreRole of Business Intelligence in Marketing924 Words   |  4 P agesROLE OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IN MARKETING Knowledge is profit. As a general rule, the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information. It is the same in case of business organizations; the business which has the best available information always has a sustainable competitive advantage. But there is so much information available and very little time. 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